Indigo-3G is now formulated with glycerol monostearate (GMS) to enhance the absorption and bioavailability of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside (C3G).*

GMS promotes micelle formation in the gut to transport C3G across the intestinal lining effectively. GMS increases C3G’s solubility at the absorption site and supports its uptake through lipid absorption pathways.*

The improved dispersion and enhanced lipid delivery allow the body to absorb more C3G where it matters most.*

Body Changers: Gene Expression and Nutrient Partitioning C3G reduces the size and number of fat cells through multiple mechanisms, including promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, activating AMPK, inhibiting adipogenesis, enhancing fatty acid oxidation, and reducing inflammation in adipose tissue.*

These combined effects decrease fat storage, increase fat utilization, and reduce fat cell size and overall fat mass.*

1. Promotion of Browning of White Adipose Tissue*

Mechanism:

• Browning: This process involves the transformation of white adipose tissue (WAT), which primarily stores fat, into brown-like adipose tissue (beige fat), which has higher mitochondrial content and is more metabolically active.
• Effect: Brown and beige fat cells burn more energy to produce heat (thermogenesis) than white fat cells.

2. Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)*

Mechanism:

• AMPK Activation: C3G activates AMPK, an enzyme that plays a critical role in cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK activation increases fatty acid oxidation and inhibits fatty acid synthesis.
• Effect: C3G helps decrease the size of fat cells by enhancing fatty acid oxidation and reducing lipid synthesis.

3. Inhibition of Adipogenesis*

Mechanism:

• Adipogenesis: It's the process by which preadipocytes (precursor cells) differentiate into mature adipocytes (fat cells).
• Effect: C3G can inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature fat cells, thus reducing the number of fat cells.

4. Enhancement of Fatty Acid Oxidation*

Mechanism:

• Fatty Acid Oxidation: The process breaks down fatty acids to produce energy.
• Effect: Enhanced fatty acid oxidation reduces the lipid content within fat cells, decreasing their size.

5. Reduction of Inflammation in Adipose Tissue*

Mechanism:

• Inflammation: Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue is associated with obesity and can contribute to the expansion of fat cells.
• Effect: C3G reduces inflammation in adipose tissue, which can help restore normal metabolic functions and reduce fat cell size.

References: Matsukawa (2015), Tsuda (2008, 2011), Huang (2011), Kowalska et al. (2014)